Since 2018, there has been an increased focus on the use of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) for protection outcomes, including the integration of CVA into GBV response. An array of guidance and tools on the topic are now available. In their 2022 Humanitarian Action Overview, UNFPA outlined that cash transfers would be an integral part of their GBV prevention and response approach. However, evidence from the use of CVA for GBV outcomes is scarce and opportunities to leverage CVA within a GBV case management framework are rarely seized.

Until recently, climate change action was not seen to be a part of humanitarian response but sat in the “development” sector. This is changing due to the frequency and severity of natural disasters, as well as the impact of climatic disasters and humanitarian conflict situations. The impact of climate change is also being seen to increase insecurity which is contributing to conflict.